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Typhoon Bess struck Japan in early August 1982, resulting in severe damage. The eleventh tropical storm, sixth typhoon, and first super typhoon of the 1982 Pacific typhoon season, the system first developed on July 21. Two days later, it was upgraded into a tropical storm, and subsequently began to intensify while tracking northwest. Bess attained typhoon intensity on July 24, before it briefly turned southwest. After turning north-northwest, the typhoon entered a period of rapid intensification and late on July 28 reached peak winds of 230 km/h (145 mph). After turning north, Bess began to weaken as it encountered less favorable conditions. On August 1, Bess was downgraded into a tropical storm. Shortly after that, the storm struck southeastern Japan, and on August 2 merged with a low pressure area atop of the Sea of Japan. Typhoon Bess cut threw a swath that included the most populated portion of Japan. Bess caused ¥591.6 billion (US$2.32 billion) in damage and 95 casualties. Furthermore, 119 others were hurt. Four people were killed due to landslides, while two other individuals were buried alive. A series of landslides stranded about 2,000 people, including 1,500 children. In all, 43 dwellings were destroyed and 17,000 homes were flooded. A total of 59 roads were impassable, 42 bridges were destroyed and 785 landslides occurred. Fifteen railway lines were disrupted due to torrential rainfall. In addition, 2,857 acres of farmland were flooded, 101 bridges were washed out and roads were damaged at more than 1,000 locations. Two boats sunk. Roughly 25,000 people were displaced. Following the storm, 2,100 policeman and firefighters dug through debris to rescue people. Following the season, the name ''Bess'' was retired from the list of names. ==Meteorological history== A large monsoon trough was anchored south of Guam towards the end of July. By July 21, three areas of disturbed weather had formed. Although the westernmost disturbance dissipated, the easternmost two continued to develop, one of which would later become Typhoon Andy. A Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) was issued for the easternmost system at 1900 UTC on July 21 as sea level pressures fell and convection increased within the vicinity of the disturbance. After becoming better organized, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) started monitoring the system. Later on July 22, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) started monitoring the same system as it developed rainbands and a further increase in thunderstorm activity. Initially, the JTWC correctly predicted the low to move northwest. Hurricane Hunters indicated that the low and mid-level centers were not vertically aligned.〔 On July 23, both the JMA and JTWC upped the depression into a tropical storm.〔〔 Bess then began to intensify.〔〔 At 0600 UTC on July 24, Bess was upgraded to a severe tropical storm by the JMA.〔 After the formation of an eye, both agencies classified Bess as a typhoon.〔〔 By July 24, Typhoon Bess began to move north-northwest and slow down due to the westward building of the subtropical ridge to the north. The JTWC expected Bess to turn west; however, Bess instead turned southwest on July 25 due to interactions with a trough.〔 By this time, the JMA estimated winds of .〔 Shortly thereafter, the JTWC increased the intensity of the typhoon to , equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS). After performing a small loop,〔 the storm maintained its intensity until July 27, when the JMA raised the wind speed of Bess to .〔 The typhoon then turned north-northwest〔 while slowly intensifying. On July 28, the system turned northwest along the southwestern edge of the ridge.〔 That afternoon, the JMA estimated winds of .〔 Subsequently, Typhoon Bess entered an episode of rapid deepening.〔 Only a few hours later, the JMA reported that Bess had attained its peak intensity of , which it would maintain for 12 hours. At 0000 UTC on July 29, according to the JMA, the typhoon attained a minimum barometric pressure of .〔 Later that morning, the JTWC estimated that Bess attained its peak intensity of , a Category 5 hurricane-equivalent on the SSHWS,〔 though JMA data suggests that Bess was weakening by this time.〔 At this time, Typhoon Bess was located 460 km (285 mi) to the southeast of Iwo Jima.〔 After slowing down further, Bess curved north along the southern periphery of a weakness in the subtropical ridge. Even though the JTWC expected Bess to recurve well east of Japan within 36 hours, this did not materialize.〔 On July 30, the JMA lowered the intensity of the typhoon to . During the evening hours of July 31, the JMA further the intensity of the storm to . Bess continued to weaken〔 while accelerating.〔 The next day, August 1, the JMA downgraded Bess into a severe tropical storm. Later that morning, the JMA downgraded Bess into a tropical storm.〔 Around this time, the tropical storm made landfall along central Honshu. Shortly thereafter, the JTWC reported that Bess was no longer a typhoon. On August 2, Bess merged with a low pressure area over the Sea of Japan.〔 The JMA ceased monitoring the typhoon midday on August 3.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Typhoon Bess (1982)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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